Causes and risk factors of bladder cancer
Smoking is a major factor that increases the risk by about 3-4 times because the toxins in cigarette smoke cause damage and inflammation in the bladder tissue, which affects abnormal cell division. In addition, frequent exposure to certain chemicals, such as aromatic amines in the paint, plastic, rubber, metal, or petrochemical industries, bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections such as Schistosomiasis, and genetic factors are also factors that increase the risk of developing the disease.
There are many other factors that have not clearly confirmed to increase the risk. Should taken into account, such as exposure to arsenic. Which is often found in drinking water from agricultural activities, exposure to radiation in the pelvic area from prostate or gynecological cancer treatment, and the use of certain chemotherapy drugs.
Symptoms of bladder cancer
Symptoms of bladder cancer depend on the stage of the disease. But the most common is painless hematuria. Which blood may be visible in the urine with the nake eye or red blood cells may be found in a urine test. Some patients may present with frequent urination, pain in the lower abdomen or at the end of the urethra while straining to urinate. If the cancer has spread to the muscle layer, there may be pain in the lower abdomen even when not urinating, pain in the lower back or side of the body from the tumor pressing on the ureter, and visible kidney failure, such as nausea, vomiting, and decreased urination. In cases where the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes and bones, patients will experience severe pain in the pelvis and lower back, leg swelling, weight loss, and obvious fatigue.
Screening and Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer
Diagnosing bladder cancer often requires a combination of methods, including
- History taking and physical examination: The doctor will ask about symptoms, especially those related to urination, and risk factors. If suspicious, further tests for abnormalities in the abdomen or pelvis may be necessary.
- Urine tests, such as urine red blood เว็บพนันออนไลน์ UFABET สมัครง่าย โปรโมชั่นมากมาย cell counts and urine cytology.
- Cystoscopy is use to examine bladder to find abnormalities in the lining. The bladder and to remove suspicious tissue for examination in a laboratory to determine if it is cancerous. What type it is.
- Ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan to look for tumors or the spread of cancer to surrounding organs.